Another reason is that the rated current on the HV side is lower than the LV side. The rated current in the windings can be achieved at a low voltage if testing is done on the high voltage (HV) side of the transformer. Why short circuit test is done on HV side of transformer? While performing short circuit test on transformer, the voltmeter reads applied voltage (V sc), the ammeter reads rated current (I sc), and the wattmeter reads rated copper loss (W sc). The short circuit test is done at rated current but this rated current can be produced at very low voltage compared to the rated voltage. The rated current can be easily achievable at a very reduced voltage compare to the rated voltage. Note: For the production of rated current on either side, we don’t have to apply the rated voltage that is mentioned on the transformer nameplate. The low voltage (LV) side is short-circuited. This test is performed at the high voltage (HV) side. The connection diagram of short circuit test on transformer is shown in figure 1.
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